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“We are urgently investigating to better understand the extent of this transmission and the NHS has been asked to swiftly report any suspected cases to the UKHSA though no cases have been reported or confirmed so far.”

Polio has existed as long as human society but became a major public health issue from late Victorian times with major epidemics in Europe and the US.

The poliovirus enters the body through the nose or mouth and may go on to invade the central nervous system, destroying or damaging the nerve cells that control muscles.

It results in weakness and loss of use of limbs. In one in 200 cases it causes irreversible paralysis.

Up to 10% of those paralysed die when their breathing muscles stop working. In the early 20th century patients were forced to live using an “iron lung” machine that would breathe for them.

There is no cure for polio once a person becomes infected and it can only be prevented by vaccination.

The last outbreak in the UK was in the late 1970s and the last case of naturally-occurring polio was detected in 1984.

The NHS offers three doses of its polio injection to infants with top up jabs at age three and 14. Uptake has dropped in recent years and is lower in London.

People who have had three doses of this injection are likely to be at least 99% protected from paralysis.

However even those fully vaccinated can get the virus and spread it without experiencing symptoms.

Sewage samples are taken from the London Beckton Sewage Works which cover four million people in the capital. Waste water surveillance is now being expanded.

Doctors have been instructed to consider polio if patients present with symptoms of paralysis.

Jane Clegg, chief nurse for the NHS in London said: “The majority of Londoners are fully protected against polio and won’t need to take any further action, but the NHS will begin reaching out to parents of children aged under five in London who are not up-to-date with their vaccinations to invite them to get protected.

“Meanwhile parents can also check their child’s vaccination status in their Red Book and people should contact their GP Practice to book a vaccination should they or their child not be fully up-to-date.”

Polio is now mainly only found in two countries, Afghanistan and Pakistan.

The attenuated oral vaccine offered abroad is known to be able to trigger an infection which then sees the virus mutate and spread, but only in one in a million cases.

In countries where everyone has received the oral form they are better protected from outbreaks developing as a result of the vaccine virus.

The Great British Bake Off’s Mary Berry contracted polio at the age of 13 and had to spend three months in hospital. This resulted in her having a twisted spine, a weaker left hand and thinner left arm.

Other well known names affected as children include US actors Mia Farrow and Donald Sutherland, and singer Joni Mitchell.