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Uganda declares Ebola outbreak after finding rare Sudan strain

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Uganda declares Ebola outbreak after finding rare Sudan strain

An outbreak of Ebola has been declared in Uganda after health authorities confirmed a case of the relatively rare Sudan strain, the health ministry and World Health Organization (WHO) said on Tuesday.

 Uganda declares Ebola outbreak after finding rare Sudan strain
Uganda declares Ebola outbreak after finding rare Sudan strain© Isaac Kasamani, AFP

A 24-year-old man in Uganda's central Mubende district showed symptoms and later died.

"We want to inform the country that we have an outbreak of Ebola which we confirmed yesterday," Diana Atwine, the health ministry's permanent secretary, told a news conference.

She said the patient with the confirmed case had high fever, diarrhoea and abdominal pains and was vomiting blood. He had initially been treated for malaria.

There are currently eight suspected cases receiving care in a health facility, WHO's Africa office said in a statement, adding that it was helping Uganda's health authorities with their investigation and deploying staff to the affected area.

"Uganda is no stranger to effective Ebola control. Thanks to its expertise, action has been taken to quickly to detect the virus and we can bank on this knowledge to halt the spread of infections," Matshidiso Moeti, WHO Africa's regional director, said.

The WHO said there had been seven previous outbreaks of the Ebola Sudan strain, four in Uganda and three in Sudan.

It said Uganda last reported an outbreak of Ebola Sudan strain in 2012 and an outbreak of the Ebola Zaire strain in 2019.

The WHO said ring vaccination of high-risk people with the Ervebo vaccine had been highly effective in controlling the spread of Ebola in recent outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and elsewhere but that this vaccine had only been approved to protect against the Zaire strain.

Another vaccine produced by Johnson & Johnson may be effective but has yet to be specifically tested against the Sudan strain, it added. 

Reference: France 24: NEWS WIRES

Astronauts' blood shows signs of DNA mutations due to spaceflight

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Astronauts' blood shows signs of DNA mutations due to spaceflight

All fourteen astronauts in the study, from NASA's space shuttle program, had DNA mutations in blood-forming stem cells, a Nature Communications Biology study Aug. 31 concluded. The mutations, though unusually high considering the astronauts' age, was below a key threshold of concern, however.

While the study is unique for keeping astronaut blood around for so long, the results are not show-stopping. Rather, the researchers suggest that astronauts should be subject to periodic blood screening to keep an eye on possible mutations. (And it should be considered in context; another 2019 study, for example, found that astronauts are not dying from cancer due to ionizing space radiation.)

Monitoring programs will nevertheless be crucial as NASA reaches for long-duration deep space missions through its Artemis program on the moon and later, human excursions to Mars, the new study team said in a statement. (The new study and the 2019 cancer study both largely considered short-duration mission astronauts.)

The team decided to pursue the new study in light of "the growing interest in both commercial spaceflights and deep space exploration, and the potential health risks of exposure to various harmful factors that are associated with repeated or long-duration exploration space missions," study lead author Dr. David Goukassian and cardiology professor at Icahn Mount Sinai said in the statement.

NASA recently changed its lifetime radiation requirements for astronauts that critics said were discriminating against women, who historically had lower limits than male astronauts. (To date, other genders have not been disclosed in the agency population.)

The researchers found a higher frequency of somatic mutations in the genes of the 14 astronauts considered in the study, relative to statistics for the population who has been to space.

The space cohort flew between 1998 and 2001 on shuttle missions of an average of 12 days. Roughly 85 percent of the group was male, and six of the astronauts were on their first mission. 

Researchers collected whole blood samples from the astronauts twice, exactly 10 days before spaceflight and on the day of landing. White blood cells were collected once, three days after landing. The blood samples were then left untouched in a freezer for 20 years, chilling at minus 112 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 80 degrees Celsius.)

The somatic mutations seen in the genes was less than two percent, however. Those individuals who breach that threshold face more risk in developing cardiovascular disease and some forms of cancer, the statement said.

"The presence of these mutations does not necessarily mean that the astronauts will develop cardiovascular disease or cancer, but there is the risk that, over time, this could happen through ongoing and prolonged exposure to the extreme environment of deep space," Goukassian added. 

Reference: Space: Elizabeth Howell 

George Alagiah: ‘I have a tumour site in my lower back - I've spent a lot of time in pain'

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George Alagiah: ‘I have a tumour site in my lower back - I've spent a lot of time in pain'

n his glossy portrait taken by celebrity photographer Rankin as part of a new campaign by Macmillan Cancer Support, George Alagiah is looking good. That will come as no surprise to those who tune in to BBC One’s News at Six each evening and watch him as effortless, reassuring and handsome as ever, and maybe even forget that he announced in 2014 that he had been diagnosed with stage-four bowel cancer.

 George Alagiah - Macmillan Cancer Support/Rankin/PA Wire
 
George Alagiah - Macmillan Cancer Support/Rankin/PA Wire© Macmillan Cancer Support/Rankin/PA Wire

There is clearly a private story that runs in parallel with the public appearances. To be fair, Alagiah, 66, has offered the occasional update on his health over the past eight and a half years. In late 2017 he revealed the cancer had returned after more than a year of him thinking he had got clear of it and in 2020 he shared that it had spread to his lungs. 

Now, he tells me calmly, he has a “tumour site” at the base of his back. “It is near my L5 lowest vertebra. I’ve spent a lot of the last 18 months in extreme pain. There have been times when even lying down makes it worse.”

There was a period last year, he says, when he was getting four straight hours’ sleep a night and counting himself lucky. “Sleep deprivation was an issue, but I don’t want people to think I am feeling sorry for myself.”

He has been on chemotherapy almost constantly since 2014 – though with a 15-month break when the cancer appeared to have gone. He has lost count of the number of rounds, more than a hundred – not the 17 sometimes mentioned in reports, he points out, making a plea for old-fashioned accuracy in journalism. His current regime is low doses for around three quarters of the year, and higher doses for the rest of the time. But there is “uncertainty”, he says, over whether it may have to change. 

So has the cancer spread into his spine? “I don’t know if it is into my spine. It is very technical so you have to be careful. What I have is a tumour that is resting very close to the spine and, as far as doctors can make out, has eroded a bit of a vertebra. More importantly, it is sitting very close to the nerve and the aorta. Both of which are significant. That’s the one we are watching.” The word “significant” is typically measured in the circumstances. He even manages to smile as he says it.  

‘One thing you learn is that with cancer each day is a different day’

In a casual pink and orange T-shirt, he is sitting in the family picture-lined top-floor office of his large and attractively lived-in north London home, shared with his wife of 38 years, former charity worker (at the Fairtrade Foundation) Frances Robathan. The two of them met and fell in love while students at Durham University at a time when mixed-race relationships were, he has said, “certainly less common back then, though not unique”. (In 2011 he drew on his own experience to make a BBC2 series, Mixed Britannia.)

He has asked for our interview to be on Zoom. If there are ill-effects of his ongoing treatment that he is trying to keep private by opting for online, then he isn’t making a very good job of it. “I go into the clinic to start off each dose of chemo, then I come home with a little pump that hangs around my waist for three days. Then a nurse disconnects it. By the end of the three days … I’ve been on it so much that my fingernails are beginning to fall off.” He holds them up to the camera to demonstrate. “I don’t know if that is too much information.”

Even though he is on a low dose, he explains, he has ulcers in his mouth. “The thing about bowel cancer is, it is all about poo and bums and people don’t like talking about them. But I have discomfort all the way from my mouth to my bum. And that becomes acute after three days of chemo. Usually by about a week later it is beginning to be better. Now, though, it is lasting longer, so I may go into the studio [he is due to broadcast on the two days following our interview] with the issues with the ulcers.”

There are some days, he confides, when he wakes up “feeling s---”. “It happens quite regularly when you are on chemo. I can suddenly have an energy collapse. But I’ve got amazing colleagues at the BBC who step in to my place on the rota.”

The back pain is currently not so bad as it has been. His doctors agreed for a second dose of radiotherapy on the tumour near his back, deciding that the potential gains outweighed the risk of side effects. And they clearly have. The only time he even starts to look his age is when he puts on a striking pair of dark pink specs to work out how to turn off a message that keeps appearing on his computer screen.

How, I wonder, does he manage the pain if it strikes suddenly while he is reading the headlines, or interviewing someone live in the studio? “It is incredible what adrenalin will do,” he laughs. “It is invented by nature to get you through anything.” He draws a comparison with tight spots he got into in his award-winning career as a BBC foreign correspondent. “Adrenalin got me through dealing with gunmen in Somalia and earthquake aftershocks in Kashmir.” 

George presenting from Cairo during the Egyptian revolution - BBC News
George presenting from Cairo during the Egyptian revolution - BBC News© Provided by The Telegraph

When it gets really bad, he takes painkillers. “I don’t like it and I’ve managed to wean myself off them. But that’s right now – and it may not be true for tomorrow. One thing you learn is that with cancer each day is a different day.”

Born in Sri Lanka, the middle child in a family of five, and the only boy, his parents Donald and Therese – Tamil Catholics, a minority group in the island’s population – left for west Africa when Alagiah was six, deciding (correctly, as subsequent history has shown) that they wouldn’t get a fair chance in their own country. “It’s really tough there now,” he says, on the basis of regular conversations with cousins still in Sri Lanka. “Amid the economic collapse, there is a widespread sense of ‘how did this happen’. Poor leadership is definitely part of it.” 

His father started working as an engineer in Ghana. At 11, Alagiah was sent – as his sisters before him had been – to a Catholic boarding school in Portsmouth. Has faith stayed with him, or offered comfort in coping with a stage-four cancer diagnosis? There is no stage five. “I envy people who have faith. My family home was a very Catholic home. We would end the day by sitting around saying the rosary. So, I understand it, but I’m afraid I no longer have it.” He thinks for a moment. “Having said that, we light candles in churches when we go in occasionally, around Christmas. Call it habit, call it superstition. I call it getting comfort. It’s almost meditative.”

He began his journalistic career in 1982 on the international magazine South, becoming its Africa editor, before joining the BBC seven years later. For the next decade, he was a foreign correspondent, including a spell based in Johannesburg, winning a Royal Television Society award in 1993, and a Bafta in 2000. 

‘My career took me to some of the most dangerous places on the planet’

With two growing sons – Adam and Matthew (both now in their thirties, the latter following in his father’s footsteps in the media) – he returned to Britain in the early 2000s and landed the principal role at the Six O’Clock News, as it was, in 2007. His has been, he says, a blessed life. “I’ve had an amazing gift of a life for a man who was born into a house without a proper toilet. We weren’t poor people, by the way, but it is just the way things were in Sri Lanka in the 1950s. To have ended up where I am now: what is not to be grateful for?” 

His public profile made it inevitable, when he shared his cancer diagnosis in 2014, that there were approaches from charities wanting to involve him. But he resisted initially. Subsequently there have been podcasts for BowelCancerUK - and now these Rankin photographs for Macmillan Cancer Support, which accompany the announcement of its annual Coffee Morning fundraising event later this month.

“You can’t get a cancer diagnosis without knowing about Macmillan because they are everywhere,” he explains. “I’m not afraid of vulnerability or saying I am vulnerable, so I’m slightly surprised at myself that I kept seeing these leaflets and pamphlets, but somehow I had in my head that if I go to Macmillan, I would be telling myself it’s over. That is clearly nonsense. But, at that stage I was getting my head around this disease, and being told I had to sort my affairs out, desperately wanting to get better, worrying about my family and all those different emotions. Anyone who has lived with cancer will know this.”

The struggle to adapt lasted around a year, he recalls. “There was that sense of abandonment, of ‘God, I am leaving these young men [his sons] and my wife’. And then there were people saying, ‘come and help us with the campaign’. I definitely remember thinking that I didn’t want to be defined by my disease.”

Now he realises that he has something to contribute. “Each of us has to find our way of doing it. You can be right out there or in the background. My relationship with Macmillan is more of the latter – not too out there.”

His approach is different from that of Dame Deborah James, the campaigner who also had bowel cancer and died in June, eight years after her diagnosis. The two were not close, he says, but their one encounter is firmly fixed in his memory. “We had a mutual friend. When my cancer got into my lungs they arranged for us to have a conversation because it had got into hers too. When I called her, she was walking out of the Marsden [London’s leading cancer hospital], having had her own regular scan to see if the cancer was spreading. That day, it was OK.” Alagiah told her he would ring back, that the most important thing was to rush home and tell family. “But she stopped and talked to me for half an hour. I was so privileged to have had the chance to talk to her.”

His own main contribution to promoting the hopeful message that you can live, and live well, with cancer has been to continue reading the news on the BBC. He doesn’t like the “martial” language of battling the disease – “who am I in a battle with? Me? My own cells, and they have gone Awol” – but he has never wanted to hide away or turn his back on the job he has been doing all his adult life. 

 George was a familiar sight on our screens as a BBC newsreader - Jeff Overs
 
George was a familiar sight on our screens as a BBC newsreader - Jeff Overs© Provided by The Telegraph

“Going into the newsroom doesn’t kill any cancer cells, that’s for sure. By the time I walk out of that newsroom at seven o’clock in the evening, having been there since the morning, I am absolutely knackered physically, but mentally I am rejuvenated. I’ve been with people who treat me as they always did, who don’t patronise me, and it is a tremendous fillip.”

One of the ways he has learnt to deal with his cancer is by realising that the body and the mind, though distinct, are also interrelated. “Being healthy, being content, being physically comfortable is as much about the mind as it is the body.”

He uses breathing techniques – taught to him by his “very clever and imaginative osteopath” – to calm his mind and deal with its reaction to the pain caused by the tumour next to his spine. “I am absolutely convinced that those things that keep you content and in the present and not thinking ‘tomorrow the pain is going to be worse’, are not just useful but are proven to work.” Carrying on working is a part of that, he says, “just as lying on the lawn or a beach with my granddaughters [he has three, to whom he is devoted] is also a part of that.”

He seems to be saying that cancer has changed him, and not always in bad ways. “Yes and no. I am generally an optimistic person. My career took me to some of the most dangerous places on the planet, and nothing ever turned out quite as bad as I thought it might.”

What has changed as a result of diagnosis, he says, is his understanding of the richness of each day. “I don’t think I would have had it if I had not been living with cancer, and been in a position where I had to think if I have one year, or two years, how do I navigate myself through that.” 

‘Understanding sadness helps you understand joy’

He now goes through a small ritual every evening as he goes to bed. “Last thing, I ask myself, ‘Georgie, are you going to be around tomorrow?’ And I always say, ‘yes I am’. I had no cause to do that before, but it is an important assertion of my living in the moment.” He does not ask, he points out, “if I am going to be here next month. It is really important for me to know that, when my eyes shut, it is only going to be for a little while and that another day will start.”

Are there ever darker moments, like when he had hoped the cancer had gone but then it returned? “I’ve not had the anger but it takes quite a lot anyway to get me angry. I have had days when things feel more difficult, when I feel, how long is this going to go on for? The question keeps popping up. Right now, when there is an unpredictability about my treatment, I would definitely call them not dark moments but difficult moments, when it is harder to reach that position of contentment which is where I am most of the time.” The most painful thoughts are those about his family. “I think I am an emotional man. I’m trying very hard not to get emotional.”

His wider family had a reunion recently, “all four sisters, most of my nieces and nephews. There were 28 of us.” Two sisters live in Britain, another in Switzerland and one in Florida. “It was a gathering full of passion and joy, but tinged with the realisation that some of us were more vulnerable than others.” One brother-in-law died last year, another has pancreatic cancer. 

“Understanding sadness,” he reflects, “helps you understand joy. There is no joy sometimes without sadness and they feed off each other.” He pauses, as if to ask himself if he is really going to say what he is about to say. “When it comes to my family, I still have this sense of …” He stumbles briefly and uncharacteristically. “One of the things I want to do is hold hands with my wife until the end, and am I going to be able to do that? It haunts me. Not every day.”

For the only time in our conversation, he turns away. He is doing a better job than me at keeping his eyes dry. “I’m not too scared for myself, but I’m here on the third floor of our house,” he says, almost over his shoulder. “And I am looking out of the window at Frances setting out the tablecloth on our garden table, and it occurs to me, is she going to have to do that for herself one day, and eat on her own?” 

Reference: The Telegraph: Peter Stanford

Jane Fonda has been diagnosed with cancer

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Jane Fonda has been diagnosed with cancer

Lauded for her turns in 1971's Klute and 1978's Coming Home, the 84-year-old made a public announcement via Instagram yesterday (September 2), telling her followers: "So, my dear friends, I have something personal I want to share. I've been diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and have started chemo treatments.

"This is a very treatable cancer. 80% of people survive, so I feel very lucky.

"I'm also lucky because I have health insurance and access to the best doctors and treatments. I realise, and it's painful, that I am privileged in this. Almost every family in America has had to deal with cancer at one time or another and far too many don't have access to the quality health care I am receiving and this is not right," Fonda continued to write.

"We also need to be talking much more not just about cures but about causes so we can eliminate them. For example, people need to know that fossil fuels cause cancer. So do pesticides, many of which are fossil fuel-based, like mine."

The American actress went on to reveal that she's currently undergoing chemotherapy for six months and is "handling the treatments quite well", before promising that her cancer diagnosis will not "interfere with my climate activism".

 
Jane Fonda, Oscars
Jane Fonda, Oscars© Kevin Winter - Getty Images

"Cancer is a teacher and I'm paying attention to the lessons it holds for me. One thing it's shown me already is the importance of community. Of growing and deepening one's community so that we are not alone. And the cancer, along with my age - almost 85 - definitely teaches the importance of adapting to new realities."

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a form of cancer developed inside the lymphatic system, which is part of your immune system. Lymph (a clear fluid) flows through lymphatic vessels and contains white blood cells, known as lymphocytes, yet those affected with the disease begin multiplying in abnormal ways and essentially lose their infection-fighting properties (via NHS). 

Reference: Dan Seddon

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