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Alzheimer's transmitted from person to person

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Alzheimer's transmitted from person to person

A discontinued medical treatment has been found to spread Alzheimer’s (Picture: Getty/Image Source)

A discontinued medical treatment has been found to spread Alzheimer’s (Picture: Getty/Image Source)© Provided by Metro

Alzheimer’s can be transmitted from person to person, discovered after patients who received human hormones decades ago went on to develop the disease.

Five cases of Alzheimer’s are believed to have been caused by medical treatment given as children.

The new study provides the first examples of Alzheimer’s disease in living people to have been ‘caught’ during a medical procedure.

In these cases, it appears to have been due to doctors administering children with a human growth hormone taken from dead donors.

According to the University College London (UCL) and University College London Hospitals (UCLH) researchers, the findings may have important implications for understanding and treating Alzheimer’s disease.

And although the procedure that led to this transmission was stopped in the 1980s, experts recommend medical procedures should be reviewed to ensure rare cases of Alzheimer’s transmission do not happen in the future.

Alzheimer’s, the most common form of dementia, is caused by the build-up of the proteins in the brain, and usually occurs later in adult life with no specific family link. More rarely, it can be an inherited condition that occurs due to a faulty gene.

Dementia is caused by a build-up of amyloid plaques in the brain (Picture: Getty/iStockphoto)© Provided by Metro

The people described in the study had all been treated as children with a type of human growth hormone taken from dead donors (cadaver-derived human growth hormone or c-hGH).

There is no suggestion the protein, amyloid-beta, can be passed on in day-to-day life or during routine medical or social care.

Between 1959 and 1985, c-hGH was used to treat at least 1,848 people in the UK and used for various causes of ‘short stature’ – when a child or a teen is well below the average height of their peers.

What is Alzheimer's and what are the symptoms?

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia in the UK.

Dementia is the name for a group of symptoms associated with an ongoing decline of brain functioning. It can affect memory, thinking skills and other mental abilities.

For example, someone with early Alzheimer’s disease may:

  • forget about recent conversations or events
  • misplace items
  • forget the names of places and objects
  • have trouble thinking of the right word
  • ask questions repetitively
  • show poor judgement or find it harder to make decisions
  • become less flexible and more hesitant to try new things

Later stage symptoms include increasing confusion and disorientation, obsessive or repetitive behaviour, or disturbed sleep.

Source: NHS

But the treatment was withdrawn in 1985 after it was found that some c-hGH batches were contaminated with infectious proteins which had caused Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) – a rare and fatal condition that affects the brain – in some people.

After that, c-hGH was replaced with a synthetic growth hormone that did not carry the risk of transmitting CJD.

A variant of CJD was responsible for the ‘mad cow disease’ outbreak in the 1990s.

Lead author of the research, Professor John Collinge from UCL, said: ‘There is no suggestion whatsoever that Alzheimer’s disease can be transmitted between individuals during activities of daily life or routine medical care.

‘The patients we have described were given a specific and long-discontinued medical treatment which involved injecting patients with material now known to have been contaminated with disease-related proteins.

‘However, the recognition of transmission of [proteins] in these rare situations should lead us to review measures to prevent accidental transmission via other medical or surgical procedures.

‘Importantly, our findings also suggest that Alzheimer’s and some other neurological conditions share similar disease processes to CJD, and this may have important implications for understanding and treating Alzheimer’s disease.’

The latest study reported on eight people referred to the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery in London, who had all been treated with c-hGH in childhood, often over several years.

There are currently around 900,000 people in the UK living with dementia (Picture: Getty/Westend61)© Provided by Metro

Five of them had symptoms of dementia, and either had already been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease or would otherwise meet the diagnostic criteria for this condition.

Another person met criteria for mild cognitive impairment.

The people were between 38 and 55 years old when they started having neurological symptoms. 

Further tests supported the diagnoses of Alzheimer’s disease in two patients, and was suggestive of Alzheimer’s in one other person. Post-mortem analysis showed signs of Alzheimer’s in another patient.

Researchers say the unusually young age at which these patients developed symptoms suggests they did not have the usual Alzheimer’s, which is associated with old age.

In the five patients from whom samples were available for genetic testing, the team ruled out inherited Alzheimer’s disease.

Co-author Professor Jonathan Schott, from UCL, added: ‘It is important to stress that the circumstances through which we believe these individuals tragically developed Alzheimer’s are highly unusual, and to reinforce that there is no risk the disease can be spread between individuals or in routine medical care.’

The findings are published in Nature Medicine.Story by Nina Massey: Metro 

Princess of Wales announces she is being treated for cancer in emotional video message

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Princess of Wales announces she is being treated for cancer in emotional video message

 

The Princess of Wales has revealed she is being treated for cancer.

In an emotional video statement released by Kensington Palace, she spoke about the “huge shock” and how her family have experienced an “incredibly tough couple of months” .

But she said: "I am well and getting stronger every day."

She said she was thinking of all those who have been affected by cancer, saying : "For everyone facing this disease, in whatever form, please do not lose faith or hope. You are not alone."

The presence of cancer was discovered after she underwent major abdominal surgery in January.

The surgery was successful and it was thought at the time her condition was non-cancerous.

However, post-operative tests subsequently found that cancer had been present.

Neither Kensington Palace nor Kate has confirmed the type of cancer that was discovered.

She began a course of preventative chemotherapy in late February and is understood to be on a recovery pathway.

In the statement Kate said: “I wanted to take this opportunity to say thank you, personally, for all the wonderful messages of support and for your understanding whilst I have been recovering from surgery.

“It has been an incredibly tough couple of months for our entire family, but I’ve had a fantastic medical team who have taken great care of me, for which I am so grateful.

 (PA Archive)

“But, most importantly, it has taken us time to explain everything to George, Charlotte and Louis in a way that is appropriate for them, and to reassure them that I am going to be ok.

“As I have said to them; I am well and getting stronger every day by focusing on the things that will help me heal; in my mind, body and spirits. 

“Having William by my side is a great source of comfort and reassurance too. As is the love, support and kindness that has been shown by so many of you. It means so much to us both.

“We hope that you will understand that, as a family, we now need some time, space and privacy while I complete my treatment.

“My work has always brought me a deep sense of joy and I look forward to being back when I am able, but for now I must focus on making a full recovery.

 (PA)
(PA)© Provided by Evening Standard

“At this time, I am also thinking of all those whose lives have been affected by cancer. For everyone facing this disease, in whatever form, please do not lose faith or hope. You are not alone.”

The announcement comes after weeks of speculation on Kate’s health following her surgery. 

The princess is said to be in good spirits and focused on her recovery.

It also comes as King Charles undergoes treatment for an unspecified form of cancer.

The King and the Queen have been told about the state of the princess’ health.William and Kate are now not expected to appear with the Royal Family on Easter Sunday, and there won't be any early return to official duties for the princess.

It is understood Prince William's sudden absence from a memorial service in late February was because of the discovery of Catherine's cancer diagnosis.

Buckingham Palace said the King is "so proud of Catherine for her courage in speaking as she did" and remains in the "closest contact with his beloved daughter-in-law".

Prime Minister Rishi Sunak and Labour leader Sir Keir Starmer were among many to send messages of support.

Mr Sunak praised the Princess of Wales’s “tremendous bravery”.He said: “She has shown tremendous bravery with her statement today. In recent weeks she has been subjected to intense scrutiny and has been unfairly treated by certain sections of the media around the world and on social media. 

“When it comes to matters of health, like everyone else, she must be afforded the privacy to focus on her treatment and be with her loving family.

“I know I speak for the whole country in wishing her a full and speedy recovery and look forward to seeing her back in action when she’s ready.”

It remains unclear when Kate will return to Royal duties.

“The princess will return to official duties when she is cleared to do so by her medical team. She is in good spirits and is focused on making a full recovery,” a Palace spokesman said.Kensington Palace said William will continue to balance supporting his wife and family and maintaining his official duties as he has done since the start of the year.

He is expected to carrying out engagements when George, Charlotte and Louis return to school after the Easter holidays. 

Story by Robert Jobson

PROSTRATE PROBLEMS-AFRICAN HOLISTIC HEALTH

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PROSTRATE PROBLEMS-AFRICAN HOLISTIC HEALTH

The prostrate (or male uterus) is two small galnds that are somewhat rapped around the urethra (urine tube). The urine tube leads from the kidney and is connected to the bladder. The prostrate makes a liquid that is used in the seminal fluid.


The prostrate is often abused and this leads to problemns and pain. The pain may be between the scrotum (sack that contains two round like balls-testicles) and the rectum, with associated lower back pain, fever, burning sensation and constant urination. This is an inflamed prostrate. If the urine starts slow and the stream starts and stops or the stream is very smallthere is prostrate enlargement.

The usual cause of prostrate problems is abuse. There are many typ[es of abuse, for example sexual activity irrespective and regardless of the male cycle and too frequent ejaculation. Additionally, tight pants and synthetic underwwear causes thermal fatigue and do not allow the temperature of the testicles to be regulated .

Also, hormonal fluctuations caused by synthetic foods, immunosuppressive drugs (i.e, aspirin, white sugar), alcohol, vinegar, salt, smoking and veneral dis-ease;


SUPPLEMENTS
Kyolic, Vitamin A, B complex, B6, C, E, chromium, vitamin F, bee pollen, chlorophyll, lecithin, pumpkin seed oil capsules.

Reference: African Holistic Health; Llaila O. Afrika

EYE PROBLEMS- AFRICAN HOLISTIC HEALTH

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EYE PROBLEMS- AFRICAN HOLISTIC HEALTH

The eyes are often abused. They require exercise and a diet of colours. Colours are obtained from sunlight. Sunlight has a rainbow (iris-means rainbow) of colour, light ray heat. These colours nourish and stimulate the pituitary gland, pineal and other glands. The eyes are abused by artificial light, distorted light (eyeglasses do this) and radiation from cars, television computer screens, and poor reading light.


Eyes are also abused by European medical scientists called doctors. This branch of medical science was created from an eyeglass fad and ignorance. In this science they demand that every individual have the same 20/200 vision acuity.

This is a physiological absurd demand. For example, a group of atheletes at peak performance cannot all run a 100-yard dash in 9.4 seconds. It is an undisputed fact and accepted by athletes and even medical doctors

Yet, eyes (another physical apparatus like the legs) are asked to perform a physical task with no regard to the physical limitations of the same group of athletes. Moreover, this so-called profession forces people to wear eyeglasses (contacts) and this degenerates the eyes. Consequently, if an individual does not abuse his or her eyes then medical science will. A raw food diet. proper eye exercise, and health awareness can avoid eye problems.


VITAMINS
Vitamin A, B complex, C, D, E

AMINO ACID
Tryptophan, Glutamine

MINERALS
Zinc, Calcium

HOMEOPATHIC
Nat, Phos., Kali, Mur.


HERBS
Eyebright, Goldenseal, Bayberry, Orchic, cayenne, Rappberry leaves.

GLANDULAR
Thyroid, Liver, Porenal

FOODS
all fresh fruits and vegetables, carambola, no junk food

EYE DROPS
Can be made from goldenseal and eyebright tea and one drop of honey.Squeeze the juice from fresh grape leaves, put a drop in each eye.

Reference:African Holistic Health; Llaila O. Afrika

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