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‘Magic mushrooms’ could be effective antidepressant after one dose, study suggests

‘Magic mushrooms’ can provide effective treatment for depression after one or two doses, a new study has found.

A single dose of Psilcybin, which is the active ingredient in magic mushrooms, has been shown to reduce depression, according to study published in the British Medical Journal.

A team of UK researchers looked at databases examining trials that compared the use of psilocybin as a treatment for symptoms of depression and looked at studies where the substance was used with psychotherapy and without.

Researchers looked at trials covering 436 participants with depression and found improvements were “significantly greater” after treatment with psilocybin.

Depression affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide and the latest data from the Office for National Statistics shows around 1 in 6 adults experience moderate to severe depressive symptoms.

Magic mushrooms are currently treated as a Class A drug in the UK, carrying the strictest sanctions. Last year a cross-party group of MPs called for the government to downgrade its rating.

The researchers said the findings were encouraging but “further research is needed to clarify the factors that maximise psilocybin’s treatment potential for symptoms of depression.”

They also said in the trials the patients received psilocybin in a calm living room with soothing music, supervised by a psychotherapist, which they said is “unlikely to be achievable in a healthcare system.”

They warned issues of “cost, lack of regulatory guidelines and legal safeguards” around psilocybin would have to be addressed before it can be established as a clinical treatment.

“Support a prudent approach in both scholarly and public settings, because more and better evidence is needed before any clinical recommendation can be made about therapeutic use of psilocybin,” the study said.

Responding to the report, Dr Paul Keedwell, Consultant Psychiatrist and Fellow of the Royal College of Psychiatrists said: “This is a welcome review of the efficacy of a single dose of psilocybin in the treatment of depression. In general, the results are impressive, with rapid improvement in most, and large effect sizes. 

“There are some concerns about expectation effects, because the majority of patients knew when they were getting the active condition,or the higher dose of the same drug. However, these concerns are tempered by the fact that improvements were maintained for up to 12 weeks in one study.”

“Longer follow ups would be welcome, and there is more work to be done on optimal dosing. It seems that a strong psychedelic experience is needed to get the best results. Doses might need to be adjusted to body weight.” 

Story by Rebecca Thomas: The Independent: 

Does Valerian Root Cause Weight Gain? A Review By Nutrition Professionals

Expert opinion from Deidre Huysamen

Dietician - Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Services · 7 years of experience · South Africa

Valerian root, is natural substance from the valerian plant, is considered safe in general (although not monitored by the FDA). If used in excess, it may result in a variety of gastro-intestinal problems, dizziness and even headaches; however, weight gain has not been noted as a side effect in the studies assessing the side effects of this plant. 

Expert opinion from Shreya Thakur

B.Sc Nutrition · Less than a year of experience · India

No, Valerian root does not cause weight gain. Infact, it increases the amount of gamma-amino-butyric acid(GABA) that aids in proper sleep by inhibiting the unwanted activities of nervous system.

Expert opinion from Maria Arienti

Postgraduate in Nutritional Support/Bachelor in Nutrition · 13 years of experience · Argentina

There is no evidence that valerian root cause weight gain, although some people experience brain fog, headaches, stomach-aches, uneasiness, dry mouth, and heart palpitations.

→ See more questions and expert answers related to Valerian.

Disclaimer: This is for information purpose only, and should not be considered as a substitute for medical expertise. These are opinions from an external panel of individual doctors or nutritionists and not to be considered as opinion of Microsoft. Please seek professional help regarding any health conditions or concerns. Medical advice varies across region. Advice from professionals outside your region should be used at your own discretion. Or you should contact a local health professional. 

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